Modelling and Comparison of Solar Thermal and PV-Assisted Heat-Pump Technology for Industrial Process Heat
摘要
This study compares the technical viability and ecologic benefits of solar thermal energy systems with PV-supported heat-pump systems within the South African beverage sector. Different configurations of solar thermal (ST), photovoltaics (PV) and heat pumps are modelled and evaluated. After a general consideration, simulation results for three selected cases with operating temperatures below and above 100 °C are modelled and examined. The cost of heat and CO2 emissions are evaluated for solar thermal systems and heat-pump systems with and without photovoltaic support. The effect of “Loadshedding” is discussed, especially for the application of high-temperature heat pumps (HTHP). While batteries are quite expensive, thermal storage tanks can be used to cover most of the process heat demand. The study finds that the LCOH and CO2 emissions can be reduced significantly at temperatures below 100 °C compared to oil fired boilers. When high-temperature steam is produced, the LCOH is at least twice that of coal-fired steam boilers. Furthermore, the effect of feed-in tariffs is discussed. Therefore, the study suggests the need for additional research to optimize systems that reduce steam requirements, leading to improved economics of heat pumps and solar thermal. It also calls for a collaborative effort to promote the development and funding of high-temperature heat pumps for industrial use.