Performance and Safety Testing of End-of-Life Photovoltaic Modules
摘要
As the Photovoltaic (PV) Industry in South Africa grows so will the eventual increase in Photovoltaic waste, either due to end-of-life or due to early failures. The reuse of PV modules is preferable to the disposal or recycling of the waste modules as it retains the most value and it could improve energy access in the country. To reuse these modules a thorough testing process is necessary to determine if the PV module is safe and efficient to continue to operate. The paper presents a case study on the testing processes of end-of-life modules and discusses the appropriate outcome, either reuse, repair, or recycling. Second life modules have been sourced by repowering activities, preventative maintenance and insurance claims which require testing protocols to meet the concerns of the end user. Modules that pass the performance tests have significant safety issues that require further repairs. The tests required are dependent on the conditions of the PV modules and the requirements of the end user. Ultimately, safety issues associated with the use of the modules should be the primary concern. Included in this study, is the testing of 70 modules donated to a local Community Centre. Testing of these modules indicated that power exceeded the expected performance based on the linear degradation warranty for nine-year-old modules, however, the modules have backsheet cracks which compromise the electrical insulation of the module. These modules were determined to be unsafe for reuse without repair in a cost-effective way before they could be safely used.