Eskom coal ash is an alkaline, aluminosilicate, Type 3 waste, which requires storage on a 3-layer Class C liner, costing approximately R1.5 million per hectare. Since 2015, Eskom and the Mpumalanga government, have been attempting to improve job creation and social upliftment in the region by the development of Ash Beneficiation initiatives. Through this collaboration and including other ash producers, the Waste Exclusions Regulations were promulgated in 2018, which allow coal ash, which is being beneficiated, to be excluded from the Waste Regulations under NEW: WA. Under these Exclusion regulations, Eskom ash is allowed to be used in road construction, mine backfilling, brick and block manufacture, soil amelioration and cementitious applications but all other pertinent legislation must still be followed. The production of Portland cement (OPC), for concrete formation, is known produce approximately 1 ton of carbon dioxide (CO2) per ton of OPC produced, mostly during the calcination process. Therefore, industry is on a constant drive to identify cleaner technologies for the production of concrete. One such, green, technology is activated (geopolymer) ash concrete. The development of this concrete does not produce any CO2 and could actually be used to claim carbon credits for the organisation. Geopolymerisation involves the use of activators to cause the aluminosilicate ash to dissociate and then allow it to recrystallise into a geopolymer concrete formation. Historically, these activators have been extremely hazardous and dangerous chemicals but a South African company has developed, user friendly alternatives that offer better more versatile possibilities for the concrete product. These geopolymer concrete materials are heat and fire resistant, more flexible and stronger than the OPC equivalents, resistant to corrosive and acidic conditions and resistant to highly saline environments. Eskom research has been investigating the use of coal ash geopolymer technologies in the construction of waste dump liners and the supporting or wearing layers in roads. In road construction, the ash is activated/geopolymerised to produce supportive layers for the base and sub-base layers and a geopolymer concrete can be used as the wearing course. While, in liner applications, the activated/geopolymerised ash is being used to form the permeable cushion layer above the plastic layer in conventional liners, allowing any leachate from the waste to be collected through the required drainage systems above the plastic liner. This paper details the work conducted by Eskom Research on these two applications.