In the last two decades, lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) procedures have required specialized nerve mapping and monitoring techniques designed to minimize the risk of lumbar plexus injuries which are the most common reported complication following the LLIF procedure. The LLIF approach utilizes a tubular dilator/retractor system to access the lumbar spine by traversing through the psoas muscle where the lumbar plexus resides and is vulnerable to injury. Existing nerve mapping techniques, such as triggered electromyography (T-EMG) thresholding, have proven useful in locating neural elements, although challenges remain due to variable anatomy and the limitations of existing nerve mapping technology. New neuromonitoring methods have been introduced to improve surgical safety including the use of femoral nerve evoked potentials (FNEPs) using a combination of saphenous somatosensory evoked potentials (snSSEPs) and quadriceps motor evoked potentials (MEPq) that can provide an ongoing functional assessment of femoral nerve function during LLIF. FNEPs have proven to be effective in detecting impending nerve injuries due to prolonged retraction, allowing timely intervention that can avoid or mitigate femoral nerve injuries that would otherwise be undetectable. Although acquiring useful intraoperative FNEP data can be technically challenging, these techniques have the potential to significantly reduce the liklihood of an iatrogenic femoral nerve injury which is the most feared postoperative neurological complication associated with the LLIF procedure.