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There is no greater issue facing humanity than human-caused climate change, which attracts both market and non-market proposed solutions, the most viable of which this chapter argues is the non-market use-values approach. Chapter 3 begins by locating non-market use-values in the philosophy of nature and material reality. Nature, which includes humans, is our most important use-value. Sadly, some environmentalists seriously misrepresent Marx’s position, others favour “more market” pricing nature. After explaining how use-values are affected by human consciousness, it surveys and critiques Social Darwinism and discusses Marx’s attitude to Mathus’ ideas and on population and food security. Discussing Whyte’s (Ecocide – Kill the corporation before it kills us. Manchester University Press, Manchester, 2020) negative externalities despoiling the natural habitat, we consider his exhortation to kill the corporation before it kills us. The chapter explores labour working with the free gifts of nature in unsustainable ways citing Foster (The Return of Nature: Socialism and Ecology. Monthly Review Press, NY, 2020) who highlights Marx’s metabolic rift between what nature can sustainably give and what is taken by capitalism. Neoliberal arguments that almost everything has a price (marriage, children, whales) are noted and rejected as are arguments that sale now of future exclusive rights to exploit nature are an acceptable way of funding current sustainable nature: the natural capital argument espoused by Malm (Fossil Capital: The Rise of Steam Power and the Roots of Global Warming. Verso, London, 2016), Helm (Natural Capital – Valuing the Planet. Yale University Press, New Haven, 2015) and others. We then examine degrowth arguments in relation to the need to aid developing countries, protect a global ecosystem, while striving for socialist abundance and non-market distribution of use-values. Nature in Marx is often misunderstood by people studying only his value equations, we explore humans in nature and cognitive processes as part of the material, natural environment. Learning capabilities by humans leads ‘naturally’ to Chap. 4 which discusses the producers of use-values. An appendix considers and rejects Podolinsky’s (1882) attempt to replace labour value by energetics.

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Use-Values and Nature

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Tony Kinder

摘要

There is no greater issue facing humanity than human-caused climate change, which attracts both market and non-market proposed solutions, the most viable of which this chapter argues is the non-market use-values approach. Chapter 3 begins by locating non-market use-values in the philosophy of nature and material reality. Nature, which includes humans, is our most important use-value. Sadly, some environmentalists seriously misrepresent Marx’s position, others favour “more market” pricing nature. After explaining how use-values are affected by human consciousness, it surveys and critiques Social Darwinism and discusses Marx’s attitude to Mathus’ ideas and on population and food security. Discussing Whyte’s (Ecocide – Kill the corporation before it kills us. Manchester University Press, Manchester, 2020) negative externalities despoiling the natural habitat, we consider his exhortation to kill the corporation before it kills us. The chapter explores labour working with the free gifts of nature in unsustainable ways citing Foster (The Return of Nature: Socialism and Ecology. Monthly Review Press, NY, 2020) who highlights Marx’s metabolic rift between what nature can sustainably give and what is taken by capitalism. Neoliberal arguments that almost everything has a price (marriage, children, whales) are noted and rejected as are arguments that sale now of future exclusive rights to exploit nature are an acceptable way of funding current sustainable nature: the natural capital argument espoused by Malm (Fossil Capital: The Rise of Steam Power and the Roots of Global Warming. Verso, London, 2016), Helm (Natural Capital – Valuing the Planet. Yale University Press, New Haven, 2015) and others. We then examine degrowth arguments in relation to the need to aid developing countries, protect a global ecosystem, while striving for socialist abundance and non-market distribution of use-values. Nature in Marx is often misunderstood by people studying only his value equations, we explore humans in nature and cognitive processes as part of the material, natural environment. Learning capabilities by humans leads ‘naturally’ to Chap. 4 which discusses the producers of use-values. An appendix considers and rejects Podolinsky’s (1882) attempt to replace labour value by energetics.