Peyronie’s disease is an acquired fibrotic disorder of the tunica albuginea of the penis, characterized by plaque formation, penile curvature, and potential erectile dysfunction. Its etiology is multifactorial, involving microvascular trauma, aberrant wound healing, and genetic predisposition. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on patient history, physical examination, and plaque palpation, supplemented by penile duplex ultrasonography to assess vascular status and plaque characteristics. Contemporary management emphasizes disease phase differentiation—acute versus chronic—guiding therapeutic decisions. Non-surgical treatments include oral agents, intralesional injections (e.g., collagenase clostridium histolyticum), traction therapy, and shockwave modalities, with variable efficacy. Surgical correction, including plication, grafting, or prosthesis implantation, is reserved for stable disease with functionally significant deformity. Treatment selection is individualized, balancing deformity severity, erectile function, and patient expectations. Advances in imaging, minimally invasive therapies, and patient-centered outcomes research continue to refine diagnostic accuracy and optimize management strategies for this complex urological condition.