Priapism is defined as a persistent and prolonged painful erection without sexual stimulation. It can be low-flow (ischemic), high-flow (non-ischemic), or stuttering/recurrent/intermittent. The pathophysiology is complex, involving venous outflow obstruction, hypoxia, and acidosis in ischemic cases, and unregulated arterial inflow in non-ischemic cases. Diagnostic approaches must be thorough, integrating detailed patient history, physical examination, laboratory investigations, and advanced imaging techniques like color Doppler ultrasound and MRI.