Nutrigenomics stands at the forefront of revolutionizing personalized nutrition by tailoring dietary recommendations to an individual’s genetic profile, optimizing health outcomes and disease prevention. This chapter explores the transformative potential of nutrigenomics in healthcare, focusing on genetically tailored diets for disease prevention and precision management. It also examines the current landscape of nutritional genomics, including genetic susceptibility to metabolic disorders, chronic disease management and epigenetics, personalized approaches to food intolerances and allergies, oncogenetics and cancer prevention. By analysing recent case studies and empirical research, the chapter will explore critical challenges in personalized nutrition, including the complexity of nutrient gene interactions, biases in predictive algorithms, the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, and the standardisation and integration of genetic data into dietary recommendations. By delving into nuanced connection between genetic factors and dietary intake, the chapter highlights the potential to create personalized dietary strategies that not only mitigate the risk of developing chronic conditions but also optimize health outcomes for individuals based on their unique genetic makeup. Further, the chapter explores the scientific foundation of personalized nutrition, emphasizing key genetic markers that influence macronutrient and micronutrient metabolism. It discusses how genetic variations shape individual responses to dietary components, affecting metabolic health, cardiovascular risk, diabetes susceptibility and food intolerances. Epigenetics modifications and the role of the gut microbiome in shaping personalized dietary needs are also examined.