The situation awareness level of air traffic controllers is crucial for aviation safety. With the continuous growth of civil aviation traffic, the working scenarios faced by air traffic controllers are becoming increasingly complex. This study analyzes the situation awareness of controllers based on eye movement characteristics, aiming to improve the quality of controller training, optimize the control work process, and enhance the safety of air transportation. In the experiment, 24 male air traffic control students were recruited. They completed the simulation control experiment wearing an eye - tracker under three different simulated control situations (simple, medium, and complex). The research found that these important eye movement indices can serve as effective bases for evaluating the situation awareness of controllers. Follow - up research can optimize the selection and training processes of controllers based on these indices, or apply them to the development of air traffic control work assistance systems, providing more support for ensuring aviation safety.