Although it is evident that the Incas made astronomical observations, both in Cuzco and in the provincial administrative centers, mainly to adjust calendars and/or for ceremonial purposes, it is not equally evident who made these observations. Since we also lack a complete and coherent model of the priestly and administrative hierarchy of the Inca State, we can only make some speculations, more or less plausible, about the identity of the Inca “astronomers”.