Composting is an essential strategy for sustainable organic waste management, offering numerous environmental, economic, and social benefits. This chapter examines the multifaceted role of composting at the household, community, and industrial scales, identifying specific challenges and opportunities unique to each level. At the household scale, barriers such as limited space, lack of knowledge, and contamination hinder adoption, but innovative solutions like compact composting systems and educational campaigns present viable pathways for engagement. Community-scale composting addresses local waste management needs while promoting collaboration, yet logistical and financial constraints require targeted interventions, including public-private partnerships and advanced technological integration. At the industrial scale, composting systems face challenges such as high operational costs, energy demands, and emissions management. However, opportunities in carbon credit trading, product diversification, and circular economic integration enhance the scalability and economic viability of large-scale operations. This chapter also highlights emerging technologies, including Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled monitoring, microbial inoculants, automation, and waste pretreatment methods, which have revolutionized composting efficiency and sustainability. Policy frameworks, encompassing financial incentives, standardization of compost quality, and mandatory waste segregation laws, further facilitate widespread adoption of composting practices. Additionally, the environmental and social impacts of composting are profound, contributing to climate change mitigation, fostering community engagement, and improving soil health through enhanced structure and nutrient content. By addressing challenges and leveraging advancements across all scales, economics emerge as a transformative solution in the global quest for sustainable waste management, aligning with climate goals and circular economic principles. This holistic approach underscores the critical need for education, technological innovation, policy support, and collaborative efforts to maximize the potential of composting in achieving a sustainable future.