The urgent problem of potable water scarcity, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, has a possible solution in nuclear desalination. This technology provides a sustainable substitute for existing water supply methods by using the thermal energy produced by nuclear reactors, which is typically regarded as a byproduct, to desalinate saltwater. To address this growing need and guarantee that communities have access to vital water supplies for agriculture, drinking, and sanitation, nuclear desalination is a feasible alternative. Moreover, climate change intensifies water scarcity by altering conventional precipitation patterns, resulting in droughts and floods across different areas. This erratic unpredictability makes nuclear desalination a dependable supply of freshwater, ensuring water availability in areas susceptible to climate-induced shortages. In this article, we have conducted a study to evaluate the current status of desalination with nuclear energy by assessing the innovative technologies for seawater desalination, which could be coupled to the main types of existing nuclear energy. It also provides the recent developments in nuclear desalination and its future role are discussed.