This chapter explores the historical continuities and shifts in anti-colonialism, tracing its evolution from the 1940s to the Afro-Asian Writers Conferences of the late 1950s, where new methods and definitions of anti-colonial struggle emerged. After the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, the international literary activities of Chinese writers, much like the country’s broader diplomatic efforts, were initially confined to the socialist bloc. However, China’s historical involvement in pre-war anti-colonial and anti-fascist movements fostered a sense of solidarity with Asian and African nations that transcended socialist ideology. The Bandung Conference of 1955 marked a turning point, enabling China to re-engage in cultural exchanges with Asian, African, and Latin American countries during the Cold War. Through the example of Ye Junjian’s (also known as Chun-chan Yeh) interactions with Indian writer Mulk Raj Anand (1905–2004), this chapter explores the historical continuities and shifts in anti-colonialism, tracing its evolution from the 1940s to the Afro-Asian Writers Conferences of the late 1950s, where new methods and definitions of anti-colonial struggle emerged.