This chapter examines how China became a central theme in the proletarian literary movement, primarily through the work of Chinese writer Yuan Shu, who translated writings by Japanese authors on the Opium War. Drawing on Rosa Luxemburg’s theories of capitalist accumulation and influenced by Sergei TretyakovTretyakov, Sergei’s renowned play Roar China, as well as the Comintern’s stance on the Chinese revolution, Japanese playwright Murayama TomoyoshiMurayama, Tomoyoshi’s proletarian drama The First Flag of EuropaMurayama, Tomoyoshi depicted the awakening of Chinese revolutionary consciousness in Guangdong. In contrast to this optimistic portrayal, Yuan ShuYuan, Shu, fully aware of the failures of both the Indian National Independence Movement and the Chinese Proletarian Revolution in 1931, translated Murayama’s The First Flag of EuropaMurayama, Tomoyoshi while also producing his creative adaptation of A Brief History of the Indian Independence MovementYuan, Shu. The Opium War was used to re-interpret the failure of the Chinese revolutionary course and to highlight the potential within the peasantry. Through his translations, Yuan highlighted the unique struggles faced by colonial and semi-colonial societies in Asia during their efforts to achieve proletarian revolution. Through his innovative translation approach, Yuan crafted a narrative on the Opium War that diverged from the nation-state framework and the Soviet-centric left-wing internationalist perspective.