The pairing of the “One Belt, One Road” (OBOR) initiative with the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) has created an important policy framework for deepening economic cooperation between China and Russia. It opened up new investment opportunities for Chinese enterprises in Russia. This research explores the conjugation mechanism of OPOP and EAEU and its impact on China’s investment in Russia. Examining collaborative projects in cross-border infrastructure and energy, such as the Amur River Bridge, the Power of Siberia pipeline, and the Yamal LNG initiative, the author shows the strong growth potential of Sino-Russian investment cooperation, even amid challenges like a constrained trade framework, regulatory instability, limited funding options, and technological collaboration barriers. The research concludes by proposing measures to enhance the investment climate and policy frameworks, offering theoretical insights and practical guidance for future economic collaboration between the two nations. Institutional alignment between OBOR and EAEU reduces non-tariff barriers, creating synergy for Chinese investors in Russia’s manufacturing and high-tech sectors.