The construction industry contributes significantly to global carbon emissions, challenging the balance between infrastructure development and environmental sustainability. This study aims to analyze and estimate the carbon emissions associated with various cut-and-fill works in Indonesia, providing insights to promote sustainable construction practices. This study evaluated the emissions from a range of cut-and-fill activities. Carbon emissions were calculated based on equipment specifications, field observations, and standard emission factors, considering horsepower, fuel consumption, and emission factors for diesel engines, along with equipment cycle times. The findings indicate that transportation activities substantially impact total carbon emissions in cut-and-fill operations. In cut works, transportation accounts for over 70% of the emissions, with exceptions such as asphalt excavation using cold milling. In fill operations, transportation accounted for more than 90% of the total emissions. Additionally, soil excavation analysis revealed a direct correlation between transport distance and carbon emissions, with longer distances leading to higher emissions due to increased fuel consumption. These results highlight the necessity of optimizing transport logistics and adopting sustainable practices to reduce the carbon footprint of construction projects. Strategies, such as sourcing materials locally, improving route efficiency, and using fuel-efficient machinery, can significantly lower emissions.