Access to essential services in rural areas remains a significant challenge, with Pay-As-You-Go (PAYG) models emerging as a scalable solution for off-grid electrification, water distribution, and other digital services. These systems enable access through recurrent payments, reducing financial barriers. However, their effectiveness is often limited by poor connectivity, reliance on manual processes, and other management inefficiencies. This study proposes a bidirectional communication approach to improve PAYG system operations, particularly for energy access, by leveraging hybrid LoRa-3G networks and automated token delivery. The proposed system ensures real-time data exchange even in areas with unstable mobile coverage, enabling seamless service activation, monitoring, and payment processing. An MQTT-based automated token transmission system reduces field staff workload, minimizes errors, and enhances the user experience. The results highlight how bidirectional communication improves efficiency, automation, and scalability in PAYG models, with implications beyond energy access. Improved connectivity not only supports remote monitoring and payment verification but also lays the foundation for innovations such as predictive maintenance, dynamic pricing, and remote service management. These advancements position PAYG as a more reliable and adaptable model for delivering essential services in low-connectivity environments.

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Enhancing Pay-As-You-Go Through Bidirectional Communication

  • Carlos Cuenca-Enrique,
  • Laura del Río-Carazo,
  • Marta Seral-Hernández,
  • Emiliano Acquila-Natale,
  • Santiago Iglesias-Pradas

摘要

Access to essential services in rural areas remains a significant challenge, with Pay-As-You-Go (PAYG) models emerging as a scalable solution for off-grid electrification, water distribution, and other digital services. These systems enable access through recurrent payments, reducing financial barriers. However, their effectiveness is often limited by poor connectivity, reliance on manual processes, and other management inefficiencies. This study proposes a bidirectional communication approach to improve PAYG system operations, particularly for energy access, by leveraging hybrid LoRa-3G networks and automated token delivery. The proposed system ensures real-time data exchange even in areas with unstable mobile coverage, enabling seamless service activation, monitoring, and payment processing. An MQTT-based automated token transmission system reduces field staff workload, minimizes errors, and enhances the user experience. The results highlight how bidirectional communication improves efficiency, automation, and scalability in PAYG models, with implications beyond energy access. Improved connectivity not only supports remote monitoring and payment verification but also lays the foundation for innovations such as predictive maintenance, dynamic pricing, and remote service management. These advancements position PAYG as a more reliable and adaptable model for delivering essential services in low-connectivity environments.