The confutation of atheism featured in the seventeenth-century theology curriculum at Cambridge University. But how students were taught this topic has not been investigated. This chapter examines several college chapel lectures that feature discussions of atheism, in order to foreground early modern anti-atheist pedagogy. It argues that the history of ancient thought was pivotal in university discussions of the problem of atheism. Whilst historians have noted that atheism was discussed through the language of classical history in early modern writing, the importance of the history of philosophy to teaching anti-atheist disputation remains unconsidered. Recent scholarship has foregrounded the history of philosophy in early modern intellectual culture; this article argues that it was a dominant framework in anti-atheist pedagogy. Moreover, the historicism inherent in early modern anti-atheist pedagogy explains why contemporary meanings attached to the term atheist often elude modern definitions, which typically denote an absence of belief in God’s existence.