This chapter reviews the anesthetic considerations for the placement of endobronchial valves (EBVs), an innovative minimally invasive treatment for severe emphysema. It covers patient selection criteria, main clinical trial evidence, preoperative optimization strategies, intraoperative anesthetic management, and postoperative complications. Special clinical situations, including prior thoracic surgery, bullous emphysema, and fissure completion surgery, are addressed. Emphasis is placed on the multidisciplinary approach necessary to optimize patient outcomes and ensure procedural success.