Grasslands, as a vital component of terrestrial ecosystems, play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance, supporting livestock production, and enhancing carbon sequestration. To comprehensively assess the current status of grassland resources in Heilongjiang Province, this study builds on the Third National Land Survey and integrates high-resolution remote sensing technology with ground sample surveys to systematically evaluate grassland vegetation coverage, biomass, and spatial distribution characteristics. The 2021 survey data reveal that the comprehensive vegetation coverage of grasslands in Heilongjiang Province reached 83.28%, with fresh biomass weighing 11.4739 million tons and dry biomass equivalent to 3.1823 million tons. A total of 408 sample plots were established, covering major grassland types such as lowland meadows, temperate meadow steppes, montane meadows, and marshes, providing a scientific basis for formulating grassland protection policies.