The spatial distribution of soil organic matter and pH holds great significance for soil fertility management. Sound soil fertility management is the linchpin of sustainable agricultural development, with organic matter and pH playing crucial roles therein. Organic matter can supply nutrients, optimize soil structure, and enhance water and fertilizer retention capabilities. On the other hand, pH affects nutrient availability and soil microbial activity, thus exerting an influence on plant growth. Researchers utilized GIS technology and correlation statistical analysis methods to conduct a study on the spatial distribution and correlation of organic matter and pH in 584 cultivated soil samples from Nenjiang City, Heilongjiang Province. The results revealed that the average organic matter content in this region is 43.15 g/kg. It is relatively high and evenly distributed, providing abundant nutrients for crop growth. The average pH value of the cultivated land is 5.96, presenting weak acidity. This has diverse effects on the growth of different crops and necessitates adjustment as required. Additionally, there is a significant positive correlation between soil organic matter and pH in the cultivated lands of Nenjiang City. This indicates that they are influenced by other variables such as soil texture, climate, and fertilization management. When assessing cultivated land resources in different regions, it is essential to fully consider the coupling of multiple factors and relevant analyses. This enables a precise understanding of the soil fertility status and provides a basis for formulating scientific agricultural production strategies.