This chapter examines impact assessments in education, highlighting their practical, social, and long-term effects. They influence decisions at micro (school management, teacher development, student support) and macro (resource allocation, reforms, social mobility) levels. Well-designed evaluations can reduce inequality, build trust, and expand opportunities, whereas poorly designed ones risk harm and resource waste. Impact assessments act as intergenerational investments—well-founded programs can break poverty cycles and boost mobility, but bad decisions can harm future cohorts. Their value lies in responsible interpretation and contextualization, serving as tools for progress. Ultimately, impact assessments are both methodological and political, guiding the development of more equitable and sustainable education systems.