This chapter introduces both shallow and deep learning methods. Shallow learning techniques include support vector machine (SVM)Support vector machine (SVM), extreme learning machines (ELM)Extreme learning machines (ELM) and restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM)Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM). Moreover, deep learning techniques cover deep belief networks (DBN)Deep belief networks (DBN), convolutional neural networks (CNN)Convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long-short term memory networks (LSTM)Long-short term memory networks (LSTM). For these methods, mathematical formulation, training processes, and key characteristics are summarized.