India faces a significant mental health treatment gap, driven by a shortage of trained professionals, low awareness and limited integration between physical and mental health care. Modern psychosomatic medicine remains underdeveloped, particularly in the area of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry (CLP), despite its relevance for addressing common mental disorders (CMD) such as depression, anxiety and medically unexplained symptoms. At the same time, traditional Indian systems of medicine—grouped under the Ministry of AYUSH—offer holistic, culturally grounded approaches to health that emphasise mind-body balance. This chapter explores the historical evolution of psychosomatic care in India, current challenges in CLP and the potential of integrative models combining modern and traditional systems. Highlighting stepped-care approaches involving lay health workers and the mainstreaming of AYUSH practices, it argues for a pluralistic, culturally sensitive healthcare model. The integration of biomedical and traditional psychosomatic medicine could address systemic gaps and better meet the complex mental health needs of India’s diverse population.