Understanding climatic conditions is crucial for designing bioclimatic buildings as it informs the selection of appropriate design approaches. With occupants’ physiological, psychological and cultural demands discussed in the previous chapter, the climate defines the boundary conditions under which the building should be designed. Therefore, climatic conditions are the starting point for any climate-adapted design, whereas designers should analytically study the appropriate climatic conditions and propose suitable bioclimatic solutions in accordance with them. During this process, designers should study the macro-, mezzo- and micro-climatic characteristics of the building’s location and select the appropriate influencing parameters. To conduct such an analysis, it is essential to have a basic understanding of climate science. The presented chapter will discuss how to interpret climatological data for bioclimatic design. The features of four basic generic climate types (i.e., cold, temperate, hot-arid, and hot-humid) will be presented, outlining the relevant implications for the building design process.