Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are harmful and cancer-causing compounds that come from two primary processes: pyrogenic and petrogenic. Oil extraction and drilling operations, such as oil spills, pollution from refineries and industrial regions, and most significantly, emissions from automobile traffic, are the causes of the petrogenic component. The pyrogenic component, on the other hand, is created by things like incineration, volcanic eruptions, and wildfires. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs take a long time to degrade, and new research shows that they significantly accumulate in soil, water, and the environment). Smog clouds, which carry pollutants from air to soil and water sources, and eventually to people, contribute to the increase in pollution and its migration as winter approaches. This chapter presents the most recent PAH measurements and concentrations worldwide, with a focus on areas that have been most heavily affected, such as China, India, and former Eastern European countries. Monitoring and assessing the distribution of PAHs is crucial for environmental scientists due to the toxic and carcinogenic properties of many PAHs. In recent years, significant attention has been focused on identifying PAHs in various environmental segments. PAHs derivatives consist of compounds where hydrogen atoms present in the aromatic ring have been replaced by reactive groups, nitro, hydroxyl, and carbonyl (N-PAH, OH-PAH and O-PAH, respectively), or carbon atom replaced by sulfur atom in the aromatic structure of PAHs. PAHs, as well as their derivatives, as primary pollutants, can either enter the atmosphere directly or be produced through homogeneous and heterogeneous oxidation reactions. However, it is crucial to remember that PAH determination methods serve the ultimate goal of assessing the health risks that are associated with suspended particulate matter in the air.