In this contribution, the legal principles of the organisation of the Italian public administration are analysed, as outlined historically and affirmed in the 1948 Constitution. In particular, the principles of autonomy and impartiality of public administrations are examined, as well as the correlated legal rules of good performance, which guarantee efficiency, effectiveness and economy in the exercise of public functions. The principle of access to public offices through public selection, which is a guarantee of the exclusive nature of the service rendered to the country, is also assessed. The scope of the constitutional principle of adequacy and the connection with the affirmation of the different duties of public bodies and officials are examined, with a view to achieving the goals of “good administration” in the digital transformation.