Electrocochleography measures electrical signals produced by the cochlea in response to acoustic stimuli. Over the last 80 years, measurement techniques have advanced, rendering electrocochleography more sensitive and less invasive. Electrocochleography is primarily used in the diagnosis of Meniere’s disease, for which it is a specific test with improving sensitivity. However, multiple additional applications for electrocochleography have been developed, including intraoperative monitoring in cochlear implantation and other procedures, evaluation of superior semicircular canal dehiscence, and diagnosis of auditory neuropathy/synaptopathy.