The Semi-mercantilist archetype reveals a reality often overlooked amid decades of globalization and free trade rhetoric. Throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, strategic industries such as defense and aerospace, pharmaceuticals and healthcare, steel, semiconductors, and automobiles have consistently exhibited mercantilist traits. States have expressed their economic nationalism in these sectors through industrial policies designed to build corporations that reinforce national hard power—measured in terms of technological and economic productivity, sovereignty, and favorable trade balances.