The chapter discusses how people should rule. There are three main ways of doing this: electing representatives, participating directly in decision-making processes and discussions, or rotating who makes decisions by drawing lots. The chapter shows that while the election, or “one person one vote,” conveys a clear sense of equality, it is often criticized for being overly formalistic. As a remedy, many scholars propose direct forms of rule like participatory budgeting, referendums, workplace democracy, and lottery.