This study presents a comprehensive analysis of extreme heat events (EHEs) in Nigeria from 2000 to 2023, using a multi-index approach that integrates remote sensing data with advanced statistical techniques. The research investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics of EHEs by analyzing key environmental indicators, including Land Surface Temperature (LST), air temperature, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and soil moisture in the top 0–10 cm layer. Leveraging the capabilities of Google Earth Engine and statistical analysis, the study reveals significant warming trends and vegetation changes over the past two decades. Time series analysis of soil moisture, NDVI, air temperature, and LST shows distinct seasonal patterns and inter-annual variability. Temperature anomaly analysis highlights an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events, particularly in recent years. Pearson correlation analysis indicates moderate positive correlations between NDVI, soil moisture, and LST emphasizing the role of vegetation in moderating Nigeria’s climate. The study also identifies major land use changes, such as deforestation and urban expansion, which have intensified the impacts of EHEs. These findings underscore Nigeria’s growing vulnerability to extreme heat, stressing the need for targeted adaptation strategies. Potential impacts on agriculture, water resources, human health, and ecosystems are discussed, highlighting the importance of incorporating multiple environmental factors in climate change assessments. This multi-index approach offers an understanding of EHEs in Nigeria and provides critical insights for climate adaptation and mitigation efforts. Integrating remote sensing with statistical analysis reveals the significance of advanced technological tools in climate research, with important implications for policy-making, urban planning, and sustainable agricultural management in tropical regions.