Africa faces a dual challenge: the climate crisis and food insecurity, two interconnected realities that profoundly affect the continent’s future. This chapter examines how plant-based diets can contribute to increasing climate resilience in Africa, providing an ecologically, economically, and socially sustainable solution. By reducing greenhouse gas emissions, pressure on natural resources, and promoting efficient agriculture, this food model supports the achievement of SDG 2: Zero Hunger and SDG 13: Climate Action of the UN’s Agenda 2030. Examples of good practices from different African regions are presented, along with strategic recommendations on public policies, financing sustainable agriculture, and nutrition education. The chapter argues for a balance between innovation and the preservation of African cultural heritage, proposing a food transition anchored in local values. In addition, economic opportunities for small-scale producers and the potential for regional cooperation to strengthen sustainable value chains are highlighted. The conclusions emphasize the importance of international collaboration and coordinated support to transform the potential of the plant-based diet into a pillar of sustainable development and global justice, for the benefit of all humanity.