This section analyzes the varying effects of climate change on food security and provides data-driven recommendations to mitigate its impact on global food security. Accordingly, we concentrate on agricultural production in Africa and employ Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) approach to assess the effect of climate change during the period 1990–2023, which poses a significant challenge to agricultural production. To achieve this, we use historical data sets, including climate variables temperature and precipitation and the production of main crops such as wheat, maize, sugar, yams, cassava and rice. By examining the relationship between climate change and main crops production, our analysis identifies key climate risk factors and provides valuable insights for policymakers to adapt to evolving environmental conditions. According to our findings, we generally say that temperature tends to reduce most agricultural output across both Africa as a whole and specific region within Africa. In terms of precipitation, our results vary across different regions, suggesting that regional factors may influence the impact of rainfall on agricultural outcomes. Therefore, we recommend region-specific strategies, like improved water management and customized farming practices, to mitigate these effects.