This chapter analyses key financial instrumentsFinancial instruments for investments in line with ESG principles in global and Polish markets. The first part discusses the rapid growth of the international market for ESG financial instruments, focusing particularly on tools such as green bondsGreen bonds, social bondsSocial bonds and sustainable development bonds. The importance of these instruments in financing pro-environmental and pro-social projects is emphasised, as are the requirements for issuing them and their growing popularity, particularly in Europe. The second part focuses on the Polish sustainable investment market, analysing the financial instruments available and the barriers to their implementation. It presents examples of responsible investments in banking productsBanking products, investment funds, real estate and bonds, highlighting their potential to support sustainable development. The need for intensified educational, promotional and regulatory activities to increase the scale of ESG investmentsESG investments in Poland is emphasised. It is suggested that the further development of this market segment could play a pivotal role in transforming the Polish economy into a low-emission, socially responsible model.