Guinea fowl, unlike other farm-raised birds, show few health problems, although they are not immune to them, most of which are described in this section, which describes the symptoms shown by affected birds, their specific aetiologies, the prophylaxis that prevent them and the therapeutics aimed at curing them. This inventory is preceded by a description of some aspects of the anatomy and physiology of the guinea fowl considered important because of their relationship with the different pathologies. Numerous species of microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, mycoplasmas and pathogenic nematodes) and arthropods (mites and insects) are mentioned as disease-causing agents. Moreover, there is a description of other diseases derived from inadequate feeding, poor management, relations between animals (pecking) and dislocations. Body examinations or blood and faecal analyses necessary for the identification of the respective aetiologies need to be done by various methods which are described in this section. Finally, the mandatory biosecurity measures on farms, as well as the necessary vaccinations and how they are carried out, are detailed in this chapter. In order to be able to recognise the described diseases at first sight, tables have been prepared which show the symptoms of the guinea fowl affected by each disease in order.