This chapter introduces the problems of the notion of Culture. Culture has been a difficult term to use in both everyday and scientific discourses in the history of human societies. As a term, it implies some constructive modification of the natural course of affairs. Culture is felt to proceed beyond Nature. This can take the form of some kind of goal-directed cultivation of features or properties of objects—be those plants, domesticated animals, or children—in the process of their development. The role of agency is here crucial—culture is a result of somebody changing a natural phenomenon into a new form that is difficult to define  in its previous term. It is a word used in many different versions for very varied purposes, all of which make it difficult to arrive at one particular axiomatic starting point for cultural psychology as a basic science of the human psyche. As we could see two culture-mentioning areas of psychology—cross-cultural psychology and cultural psychology—use the term very differently, finding a universally satisfying definition for culture is a wasteful exercise of the mind. My solution to the problem is in adopting an axiomatic standpoint of semiotic dynamics—culture here is the process of sign mediation of the psyche (Valsiner, 2024) and of the society as a whole. The rest of this book provides further coverage of that basic idea at different levels of generality of social organization of the human creation of themselves through their environments.