This chapter examines how artificial intelligence can transform the fight against neuroscience misinformation and enhance public scientific literacy. This chapter documents a paradigm shift from reactive, human-driven fact-checking to proactive automated systems. These systems operate at the speed and scale of digital information flows. Technical approaches include several key innovations. Machine learning detection systems achieve over 90% accuracy in identifying false neuroscience claims through BERT-based models that combine natural language processing with citation analysis. AI-powered personalized learning systems adapt to individual knowledge levels and demonstrate superior retention rates (75% vs. 5% for passive approaches). Accessibility tools translate technical content into accessible language while generating multimodal explanations across text, visual, and interactive formats. The “NeuroFact” case study demonstrates dramatic improvements in misinformation response, with AI systems generating and distributing corrections within 12 min to reach 85% of affected audiences, compared to traditional fact-checking requiring 72 h to reach only 1.6% of users exposed to false claims. However, the analysis reveals significant limitations including technical difficulties handling scientific uncertainty and domain-specific reasoning, ethical concerns about bias and automated authority over scientific “truth,” and risks of oversimplifying complex concepts. Rather than advocating for full automation, this chapter proposes human-AI collaboration as the most promising approach, combining AI’s analytical capabilities with human creativity, judgment, and contextual understanding. This chapter concludes that realizing AI’s potential requires multistakeholder governance involving scientists, communicators, educators, ethicists, and diverse public perspectives to ensure that these powerful tools serve broader societal values while maintaining focus on the fundamental goals of science communication: building understanding, fostering critical thinking, and supporting informed decision-making in areas where neuroscience increasingly influences both policy and personal choices.