Prefabricated segmental sections have recently become a superior choice in concrete bridge design due to their standardized construction practices and lower cost of construction in shorter time. Although the behaviour of prestressed segmental beams was investigated under quasi-static loading by previous researchers, the response of these members under impact loading has not been investigated in previous studies. In the present study, a detailed numerical investigation has been conducted to study the effect of the number of shear keys in shear keyed joints, type of prestressing tendon (steel and fiber reinforced polymer bars) and the impact location on the behaviour of prestressed segmental beams. Tested beam specimens of cross-sectional dimensions 180 mm × 120 mm (depth × width) and a clear span of 1400 mm have been used to validate the numerical model developed in the present study. The failure patterns, peak displacement and energy absorption capacity of the tested segmental beams have also been compared to their monolithic counterparts. The study found that the shear key joints are effective in mobilizing the energy absorption capacity of prefabricated segmental beams resulting in reduced impact-induced damage. Impact loading applied directly at the joint locations has resulted in higher peak displacement as compared to monolithic beams due to joint opening at the beam soffit. Additionally, the present study has also highlighted the utilization of fiber reinforced polymer bar as a durable alternative to steel reinforcement.