This research investigates failures in wind turbine transmission systems through probabilistic modeling of wind behavior and vibration analysis. Using the Monte Carlo method, the study models the effects of wind uncertainties on the dynamic responses of a system that includes a planetary gearbox and a rotor, utilizing finite-element methods and lumped-parameter approaches. The analysis evaluates vibration signals in the frequency domain, emphasizing the impact of stochastic variables on fault detection and identification. Using data from Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, the study considers environmental variability as a critical factor influencing the system’s dynamic responses. It examines whether these variables are sufficient to affect fault detection, given uncertainties in the factors responsible for energy conversion. This paper models the planetary gearbox accounting for six degrees of freedom per node and including time-dependent parameters such as mesh stiffness and damping. These parameters are calculated using the potential energy method. Numerical simulations predict the system’s behavior under various operating conditions, enabling early detection and diagnosis of faults. This study specifically addresses tooth-root cracks in the sun gear.