This chapter explores the profound, forced reconfiguration of the Naqab Bedouin’s forms of governance, political identities, and leadership as a result of the colonial legacies of the Ottoman, British, and Israeli governments. It then examines Israel’s formal assignment of ethnic differentiations among its Palestinian population and the allocation of rights given to these different ethnic groups in the country such as the Naqab Bedouin. Second, we detail the diversity of Bedouin political identities in the Naqab. In doing so, we propose that while Naqab Bedouin share a history of marginalization with other Palestinians in Israel, their majority of political engagements typically focus on their own local, territorial, social, and historical specifies in order to compete for resources in a state that prioritizes the rights of its Jewish population. The last half of the chapter explores Naqab Bedouin civil society and how it is increasingly administered and institutionalized by an expanding network of international donors, regional representatives, collections of grassroots institutions, new political leaders, and professional community activists working with them.