Sheep have a rich history, with their domestication and utilisation being an integral part of human civilisation’s expansion across the world. Sheep are hardy creatures capable of living in some of the most remote and harshest locations and are extensively utilised for their meat and wool, with over 1.2 billion head worldwide in 2023. Beyond agricultural use, sheep are kept as companions and used as models for biomedical research. There is extensive research into the efficacy of various anaesthetics and analgesics and their impact on sheep, as well as investigations into methods to identify pain in sheep. Even with the long history of being raised and utilised by humans, sheep are often misrepresented as being an unintelligent species that has limited experience of pain. It can also be difficult to identify individuals experiencing pain due to their stoic nature. As such, there is still a gap in understanding of the level of pain sheep experience throughout their life in a production system and the availability of analgesic and anaesthesia resources for those that care for them.