Migration, defined as the movement from one location to another, is a more intrinsic component of human life compared to a sedentary lifestyle. Humans are endowed with two essential qualities that contribute to their fulfilment: cognitive capacity and physical activity. The latter is particularly noteworthy. The necessity for transportation has been vital for survival, commerce, and exploration since the inception of human civilization. This chapter provides a concise overview of the earliest modes of transportation and the subsequent evolution of road systems and transport methods. These developments range from traversing expansive landscapes on foot, utilizing animals for riding, and constructing rudimentary watercraft to the adoption of horse-drawn carriages, followed by vehicles powered by gasoline and electricity, and ultimately autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs). Notably, AEVs are currently reshaping mobility in advanced urban centers. In conclusion, transportation has been instrumental in shaping the modern societal framework. It has exerted significant social, economic, and cultural influences throughout history, and innovations in transportation continue to alter society today and are poised to do so in the future.