NanobiotechnologyNanobiotechnology—the synergistic convergence of nanotechnology and biotechnologyBiotechnology—has emerged as a transformative force in environmentalSustainability sustainabilityEnvironmental sustainability, offering innovative solutions to twenty-first-century ecological challenges. This comprehensive examination explores cutting-edge applications of nanobiotechnology across four critical domains: (1) advanced pollution remediationPollution remediation through photocatalytic nanomaterials and nanocatalystsNanocatalysts, (2) precision agriculture utilizing nanofertilizers and soil remediation technologies, (3) renewable energyRenewable energy innovations including quantum dot photovoltaics and nanocatalyst-enhanced biofuelsBiofuels, and (4) sustainable waste managementWaste management systems employing nanomaterial-based recycling and real-time monitoring sensors. The chapter presents empirical evidence from global case studies, including TiO₂-based water purification systems achieving 99.9% pharmaceutical degradationDegradation and nanofertilizer field trials demonstrating 25% yield increases with 30% reduced chemical inputs. While highlighting these technological breakthroughs, the analysis critically addresses implementation barriers such as nanoparticleNanoparticles ecotoxicity, scale-up challenges, and socioeconomic disparities in technology access. The discussion culminates in future-oriented recommendations emphasizing green nanotechnologyGreen nanotechnology principles, AI-optimizedArtificial intelligence nanomaterial design, and policy frameworks for responsible innovation. This chapter provides a timely, evidence-based perspective on nanobiotechnology’sNanobiotechnology role in achieving Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable development Goals.