Conservatism is a political idea that was long neglected in France because it was associated with the Vichy regime that ruled the country during World War II. It has been rediscovered recently. There are two main types of conservatism in France: liberal and illiberal. Both have sub-types. At first glance, both share certain commonalities with ecologism, which are linked to criticism of modernity. Some authors even endorse the idea of eco-fascism, understood as ecological fascism. But ecologism is a romantic, emancipatory movement, not a conservative one. Ecological fascism is therefore a chimera, based on a series of false assumptions. Conservatism has nothing to do with ecologism.