Sustainable development in India is a multifaceted inquiry, intertwining socioeconomic progress with environmental preservation. With a burgeoning population, diverse landscapes, and a dynamic economy, India’s pursuit of sustainability is both a necessity and a challenge. This chapter delves into various facets of sustainable development within the Indian context, exploring key areas of focus, challenges encountered, and strides made toward a more sustainable future. India’s economic growth has been remarkable in recent decades, yet this progress often comes at the cost of environmental degradation. Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural expansion pose significant challenges to environmental sustainability. Balancing economic development with environmental conservation remains a central concern, necessitating innovative approaches and policy interventions. This paper aims to investigate the recent trends to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with its critical perspectives and future outcomes in Indian scenario.