Resource geography and natural resource management are the important branches of Geography. The studies related to this with the sustainable approach are progressing well around the country. It has been emphasized that natural resources provide the foundations for economic development and play a significant role in achieving economic sustainability. Resource geography looks into the natural resources available in a region and is also engaged in studying associated problems, evaluating existing status, analyzing problems, and suggesting ways for their sustainable management. The present chapter evaluates studies related to land, soil, water, forest, and mineral resources. The chapter reviews the studies that have analyzed their problems, assessment, utilization, conservation, management, and sustainable development. It is very clear from the present review that, recently, the field has moved from the conservation and management of natural resources to the study of resource sustainability. The scholars have started suggesting the paths and ways to achieve resource sustainability in their case studies conducted in different geographical settings. The study further finds that research in resource geography and natural resource management includes a wide range of research perspectives in India. The resources have been studied from economic, social, political, and governance-related approaches using different types of quantitative and qualitative methods. The study concludes that the sustainability and governance-related aspects of studying natural resources are increasing day by day.