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In this paper, we focus on an extreme X-class solar flare event due to active region AR3664. This active region is categorized one of the most powerful active regions in 2024. It has produced up to 11 solar flares from 8th -14th May 2024. The solar flare class levels vary from X1.02 to X8.79. As a result, the most violent solar storm in over two decades struck Earth between May 8 and 14, 2024. It was also found that the event on May 11 and 12 (UTC time) was classified as a G5 geomagnetic storm (Kp = 9), with the interplanetary magnetic field reaching 73 nanotesla (nT) and the component along Earth's magnetic axis pointing South reaching up to 50 nT. The solar wind speed reached between 750 and 950 km/s, making this the most violent storm since the 2003 solar storms. Several further CMEs were expected to strike Earth between May 11 and 12. The peak Dst index of – 412 nT for the May 2024 solar storms occurred on May 11 at 03:00 UTC. This study found that the first SRB type III produced 1.666 MHz/s, while the second, less intense burst produced 0.777 MHz/s. Understanding the behaviour of active regions like AR3664 across their whole life cycle is critical for improving space weather forecasts.

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An Analysis of Active Region AR 3664 Associated with an Enormous X-Class Solar Flare in May 2024

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Z. S. Hamidi,
  • N. N. M. Shariff

摘要

In this paper, we focus on an extreme X-class solar flare event due to active region AR3664. This active region is categorized one of the most powerful active regions in 2024. It has produced up to 11 solar flares from 8th -14th May 2024. The solar flare class levels vary from X1.02 to X8.79. As a result, the most violent solar storm in over two decades struck Earth between May 8 and 14, 2024. It was also found that the event on May 11 and 12 (UTC time) was classified as a G5 geomagnetic storm (Kp = 9), with the interplanetary magnetic field reaching 73 nanotesla (nT) and the component along Earth's magnetic axis pointing South reaching up to 50 nT. The solar wind speed reached between 750 and 950 km/s, making this the most violent storm since the 2003 solar storms. Several further CMEs were expected to strike Earth between May 11 and 12. The peak Dst index of – 412 nT for the May 2024 solar storms occurred on May 11 at 03:00 UTC. This study found that the first SRB type III produced 1.666 MHz/s, while the second, less intense burst produced 0.777 MHz/s. Understanding the behaviour of active regions like AR3664 across their whole life cycle is critical for improving space weather forecasts.