This chapter is focused on the binary of dams and economic development. This chapter has two clear dimensions: (1) dams and economic development in the form of the development of irrigation facilities and agricultural development, along with other development activities at the basin scale and (2) dams and displacement, i.e., the opposite side of the economic development. On the one hand, dams are ushering benefits to the regional and national economy, while on the other hand, displacement of the local and tribal people, along with a livelihood crisis, is emphasized in this chapter. Finally, the impact on land use and land cover (LULC) changes on erosion and sediment load, vegetation changes (evapotranspiration status), greenhouse gas (GHG) production, etc. are also focused in this chapter.