This chapter is concerned with the geographical personality in terms of the geo-physical and socio-cultural perspectives of the Damodar River Basin (DRB). Moreover, this chapter delves into the characterization of the hydrological hazards with an emphasis on the floods and droughts in the DRB because the upper DRB is conscious by droughts while the lower DRB exhibits a devastating flood history. This chapter unfolds the necessity of environmental flow management for sustainable water resources management. Thus, this chapter introspects the backdrop to the construction of the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) dams and barrages.