This chapter explores sustainability and relational learning within the textile supply chain, emphasizing the sector’s dual role as a driver of economic growth and a major contributor to environmental and social challenges. It examines the application of the triple bottom line framework in shaping sustainable practices, highlighting the textile industry’s urgent need to address water pollution, carbon emissions, waste generation, and labor issues. The discussion integrates strategies and technologies, such as eco-design, circular economy principles, digitalization, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and IoT, that enhance supply chain transparency, efficiency, and sustainability outcomes. Beyond technological solutions, the chapter underscores the importance of fostering a sustainability-oriented organizational culture and collaboration across all stakeholders in the supply network. Special focus is given to relational learning as a key capability in supplier–retailer partnerships, enabling joint sense-making, knowledge integration, and information sharing to overcome complexity and power imbalances. By aligning sustainability goals with collaborative practices, the textile supply chain can transition toward models that balance competitiveness with environmental stewardship and social responsibility.